Use Mudbox, Rhino, Maya, or other 3D software to convert the depthmap to a 3D object ( polygon or NURBS).Use Photoshop to convert the depthmap into a 3D object.To convert it to a true 3D format we need do the following: We can also explore and share the depthmap in the same way, but at this point it is still a greyscale image. We can easily work with the visual image and use GIGAmacro Viewer to explore and share it. Helicon Focus also has tools to work with a single focal stack and then export the 3D data as a depth-map or convert it to a polygonal object such as an obj. Zerene Stacker has a depth-map function as does Helicon Focus. Creating a Depthmap from a Single Focus Stack It is reasonable to capture over 150 layers and in some cases over 250 layers, but in this example we used a relatively modest number of layers. If we capture more layers, then the z-depth resolution would be higher and more detailed in the z axis. In this case, 44 layers were captured at 28 micron intervals. The z-depth or “depth” data is determined by how many focal layers are captured. The width and height resolution of the depthmap is determined by how many images are stitched together. Once the visual image is stitched, we can then output both the seamless gigapixel image and a seamless gigapixel depthmap. When we stitch the visual images together in Autopano Giga, we load the visual images and depthmaps in as “stacks” paired with each other. The depthmap and visual image are identically aligned and matched to the visual images which means that we can use the visual imagery as a reference image to stitch the depthmaps together. When each focus stack is processed the result is both a visual image (jpg or tiff) and a depthmap (tiff). 3D Depthmap Dataġ6-bit depthmaps (or heightmaps) are a byproduct of the focus stacking process. Use the opacity slider (bottom, center) to change between the depth map and the visual versions of the penny. The image is created by first stacking the focal layers and then stitching the results into a final seamless image.īelow is an explorable view of the penny and depthmap. Visual DataĪs part of our standard process, we then produce a 2.25 gigapixel (2,250 megapixel) image. Or you can also think of it in terms of 54,000 ppi / 2136 pixels per mm (for width and height). The spatial resolution of the final image and data is: While this might seem like a lot, it is an automated process and easily completed by letting the GIGAmacro Magnify 2 system run unattended or overnight. A total of 13,156 images were captured using our system. Each focus layer is taken at 28 micron intervals. We first captured a matrix of images 13 columns, 23 rows, and 44 focal layers deep. Z-depth resolution is limited to how many focal layers you can feasibly capture.Software for conversion and working with 3D data at high resolutions is still rare.Not ideal for complex objects with overlapping structures and high relief detail.However, over 90% of the process can be automated using the GIGAmacro Magnify 2. Can be time-consuming in capture and processing.Texture information is extremely high quality.Automatically registers texture information at an extreme level of detail and resolution.Can be used for objects that have reflective or uneven surface properties.Can be used for very small objects (as small as 1mm).Below are a few advantage and disadvantages to consider. This is especially true for objects that are too small or too reflective for traditional laser scanning techniques. The process is ideal for low-relief objects such as a penny, fossil, or historic document. However, the resulting data is used to create fully 3D objects and data and can be used in 3D printing, milling, and animation software. In general, this process would typically be thought of as 2.5D imaging since we are not capturing the entire object in 3D. Using focus stacking plus image stitching can be a powerful method for generating 3D data from small objects. The penny itself is 19mm in diameter and 1.5mm high. We’re using our GIGAmacro Magnify 2 system to capture the images and off the shelf software to process and convert the data into 3D objects. In this example, we’re using a penny as our subject since it is a recognizable subject in terms of size. This case study examines processes for capturing and exporting 3D data from small low-relief objects.
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